Image by Edar from Pixabay A. Introduction Can a foreign arbitral award signed exclusively by means of qualified electronic signatures be declared enforceable in Germany? The Bavarian Highest Regional Court (Bayerisches Oberstes Landesgericht, BayObLG) answered this question in the affirmative in a decision of 27 March 2026 (case no. 102 Sch 104/25 e). The Court […]
A. Background of the Case The Higher Regional Court (OLG) Munich (judgement of 15 January 2026, case no. 14 U 3118/25 e) recently dealt with a dispute over freight remuneration for four international road transports carried out in late September and early October 2023. The carrier (plaintiff) had invoiced a total of EUR 8,040 to […]
On the decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of 24 March 2026, No. 78-КГ25-37-КЗ In two recent decisions, Russian courts dealt with claims against souvereign states. In the one case, (Supreme Court, case no. No. 78-КГ25-37-КЗ — provided below since the website of the Russian Supreme court is inaccessible from abroad), it […]
The Kingdom of Marokko failed with a claim against a publisher who had alleged that Marokko was using «Pegasus» surveillance software. The German Supreme Court held that a souverain state does not have title to sue in a defamation claim. 1. Overview of the Decision In its judgment of 24 February 2026, the German Federal […]
For decades, restitution claims for Nazi-looted art have often failed not on substance, but on procedural defenses—laches, statutes of limitations, or even acquisitive prescription.The HEAR Act 2025 changes this fundamentally: these defenses are largely set aside, and claims are to be decided on their merits. The U.S. Congress has passed the Holocaust Expropriated Art Recovery […]
I. Introduction Judicial review of European Union sanctions has become a recurring feature of EU litigation since the expansion of restrictive measures following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Numerous individuals, companies, and financial institutions have sought annulment of EU listings before the General Court of the European Union, challenging both the factual basis and […]
The Arbitrazh Court of the Ural District refused recognition and enforcement of Luxembourg arbitration awards, reasoning, inter alia, that enforcement could “cause damage to Russian industry.” Background of the dispute The dispute arose between Giuseppe Bruzzone and Luigi Stoppani (both Italian citizens) and Koaland Investment Ltd (BVI), on the one side (collectively, the claimants), and […]